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Noun: formal system
  1. (logic and mathematics) abstract, theoretical organization of terms and implicit relationships that is used as a tool for the analysis of the concept of deduction.
    "A formal system is said to be recursive (i.e. effective) if the set of axioms and the set of inference rules are decidable sets or semidecidable sets, according to context."

Type of: arrangement, organisation [Brit], organization, system

Encyclopedia: Formal system